2011-9-25 22:18
sky960
恐怖蘑菇雲! 全球核武器爆炸解禁照
核爆炸（nuclear explosion）是核武器或核裝置在幾微秒的瞬間釋放出大量能量的過程。核爆炸發生後，先是產生發光火球，繼而產生蘑菇狀煙雲。這是核爆炸的典型徵象。
核武器在距地面一定高度的空中爆炸時，高溫高壓彈體迅猛向四周膨脹並以X射線輻射加熱周圍的冷空氣。熱空氣吸收高溫輻射所具有的特點使得加熱、增壓後的熱空氣團是一個溫度大致均勻的球體，並且溫度、壓強具有突變的鋒面，這個熱空氣團稱為等溫火球。火球一面向外發出光輻射，一面迅速膨脹，同時溫度、壓強逐漸下降。溫度下降到3×10開時形成以40∼50千米／秒的速度向四周運動的衝擊波，其陣面（也就是火球的鋒面）仍然發光。衝擊波形成後，火球內部的溫度分布是表面低，向內逐漸升高，火球裏面有一個溫度均勻的高溫核。衝擊波陣面溫度降低到略高于2000開時，衝擊波脫離火球，並按力學規律向外傳播，而後其陣面不再發光。
火球熄滅後形成上升的煙雲。衝擊波在爆心投影點附近地面的反射和負相的抽吸作用使得地面掀起巨大塵柱，上升的塵柱和煙雲相銜接，形成高大的蘑菇狀煙雲。
根據爆炸當量、爆炸相對于地面、水面的位置，爆炸方式分為空中核爆炸、高空核爆炸、地面核爆炸、地下核爆炸和水下核爆炸等五種。
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